Brain & Spinal Injury
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Groundbreaking Research in Aphasia
Did you know that the earliest research on aphasia by Dr. Murray Sidman and his colleagues began in Massachusetts in the 1960s to treat persons with brain injury with severe aphasia?
These important papers contain data that are more understandable in view of the later work explicitly on equivalence relations.

Murray and Rita Sidman
Behavior Analysis and Aphasia
“In addition to instances of word-reference equivalence that can be culled from everyday experience, we have seen some striking examples in some of our laboratory studies of aphasic patients. Although these observations were published in the same year as our first equivalence paper, they actually antedated that work by more than ten years, but even after we had started our direct experimental attack on equivalence phenomena, the significance of the earlier data took a while to sink in. Those data should have made us take a closer look.” (Sidman, 1994: From Equivalence Relations and Behavior: A Research Story)
The significance of this early research can be seen in the collection of Sidman’s research in the Behavior Analysis and Aphasia Articles sidebar.
Behavior Analysis & Aphasia Article Downloads
Links to PDF Downloads
Aphasia: Behavioral Aspects
J.P. Mohr and Murray Sidman
Behavioral studies of aphasia: Methods of investigation and analysis
Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., Mohr, J.P., & Leicester, J.
Brain and Behavior
Sidman, M.
Evolution of the Deficit in Total Aphasia
J.P. Mohr, M.D., M. Sidman, Ph.D., L.T. Stoddard, Ph.D., J. Leicester, M.D. and P.B. Rosenberger, M.D.
Generalization gradients and stimulus control in delayed matching to sample
Sidman, M.
Inter- and intramodality deficits in a dysphasic youth
Rosenberger, P.B., Mohr, J.P., Stoddard, L.T., & Sidman, M.
Right Hemianopia with Memory and Color Deficits in Circumscribed Left Posterior Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction
J.P. Mohr, M.D., J. Leicester, M.D., L.T. Stoddard, Ph.D., and M. Sidman, Ph.D.
Sample-matching techniques in the study of children’s language
Rosenberger, P.B., Stoddard, L.T., & Sidman, M.
Scanning Patterns in Aphasic Patients During Matching-to-Sample Tests
Howard Kirshner and Murray Sidman
Some Additional Quantitative Observations of Immediate Memory in a Patient with Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions
M. Sidman, L.T. Stoddard and J.P. Mohr
Some Determinants of Visual Neglect
Jonathan Leicester, Murray Sidman, Lawrence T. Stoddard, and Jay P. Mohr
The behavioral analysis of aphasia
Sidman, M.
The Nature of Aphasic Responses
J. Leicester, M. Sidman, L.T. Stoddard and J.P. Mohr
Behavior Analysis and Aphasia Bibliography
Kirshner, H. & Sidman, M. (1972). Scanning patterns in aphasic patients during matching-to-sample. Neuropsychologia, 10, 179-184,
Leicester, J., Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., & Mohr, J.P. (1969). Some determinants of visual neglect. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 32, 580-587.
Leicester, J., Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., & Mohr, J.P. (1971). The nature of aphasic responses. Neuropsychologia, 9, 141-155.
Mohr, J.P., Leicester, J., Stoddard, L.T., & Sidman, M. (1971). Right hemianopia with memory and color deficits in circumscribed left posterior cerebral artery territory infarction. Neurology, 21, 1104-1113.
Mohr, J.P. & Sidman, M. (1975). Aphasia: Behavioral aspects. In M.F. Reiser (ed.), American Handbook of Psychiatry: Second Edition: Vol. 4, Organic Disorders and Psychosomatic Medicine, Basic Books, 279-298.
Mohr, J.P., Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., Leicester, J., & Rosenberger, P.B. (1973). Evolution of the deficit in total aphasia. Neurology, 23, 1302-1312.
Rosenberger, P.B., Mohr, J.P., Stoddard, L.T., & Sidman, M. (1968). Inter- and intramodality deficits in a dysphasic youth. Archives of Neurology, 18, 549-562.
Rosenberger, P.B., Stoddard, L.T., & Sidman, M. (1972). Sample-matching techniques in the study of children’s language. In R.L. Schiefelbusch (Ed.), Language of the mentally retarded. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press, 211-229.
Sidman, M. (1969). Generalization gradients and stimulus control in delayed matching to sample. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12, 745-757.
Sidman, M. (1971). The behavioral analysis of aphasia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 8, 413-422.
Sidman, M. (1980). Brain and Behavior. In M. Sidman, M. Terman, & C. Soares (Eds.), Interact with psychology 2, Fifth Ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendal/Hunt, 63-105.
Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., & Mohr, J.P. (1967). Some additional quantitative observations of immediate memory in a patient with bilateral hippocampal lesions. Neuropsychologia, 6, 245-254.
Sidman, M., Stoddard, L.T., Mohr, J.P., & Leicester, J. (1971). Behavioral studies of aphasia: Methods of investigation and analysis. Neuropsychologia, 9, 119-140.